【区块链笔记】ETH_geth控制台操作(10)
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这篇文章简单的整理了geth控制台操作相关的信息。
1.启动控制台
启动命令里添加console就可以进入控制台
$geth --datadir /Users/limingxie/blockchain/eth/test1_data --networkid 66666 console
//--http 是连接localhost:8545 console 是打开控制台 2>output.log 是输出日志
$geth --datadir /Users/limingxie/blockchain/eth/test1_data --networkid 66666 --http console 2>output.log
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
--datadir |
指定节点数据目录 |
init |
指定初始化节点使用的配置文件 genesis.json |
--identity |
设定节点标识 |
--http |
开启http rpc 服务 |
--http.port |
指定http rpc端口 |
--http.corsdomain |
指定跨域 |
--http.addr |
监听地址，默认为127.0.0.1，只能本地访问 |
--http.api |
设置节点上启用RPC接口 |
--nodiscover |
使用此选项可确保未手动添加您的人员无法发现您的节点。否则，如果您的节点具有相同的创世纪文件和网络ID，则可能无意中将您的节点添加到陌生人的区块链中 |
--networkid |
设定网络ID，当创建的链的 genesis block 和 network id 刚好与网络上其他人的链相同，那么就看哪条链长，如果比对方的短，那么链上的数据会全部被覆盖，变成对方的链。 |
--allow-insecure-unlock |
允许使用 http 协议进行账户解锁 |
--port |
网络侦听端口，对等端连接端口 |
--ipcdisable |
指定跨域 |
启动是加 –dev 回忆dev模式启动，会节省许多繁杂操作，比如省略挖矿等操作，专注于开发.
2.JavaScript 对象
Geth Console 是一个交互式的 JavaScript 执行环境，里面内置了一些用来操作以太坊的 JavaScript对象，
我们可以直接调用这些对象来获取区块链上的相关信息。
所有的对象是几乎都被web3对象包含
eth:对区块链进行访问和交互相关的方法;net:网络操作查看p2p网络状态的方法;admin:管理节点相关的方法;miner:挖矿相关的一些方法;personal:包含账户管理的方法;txpool:查看交易内存池的方法;web3:包含以上所有对象，还包含一些通用方法。
3.常用命令
personal.newAccount():创建账户;personal.unlockAccount():解锁账户;eth.accounts:列出系统中的账户;eth.getBalance():查看账户余额，返回值的单位是 Wei;eth.blockNumber:列出当前区块高度;eth.getTransaction():获取交易信息;eth.getBlock():获取区块信息;miner.start():开始挖矿;miner.stop():停止挖矿;web3.fromWei():Wei 换算成以太币;web3.toWei():以太币换算成 Wei;txpool.status:交易池中的状态;
4.实际操作
//查看账户余额：
> eth.getBalance('0x922F12edF3CA38CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5G3ab')
6.66001e+27
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance('0x922F12edF3CA38CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5G3ab'),'ether');
6660010000
//查看当前区块
> eth.blockNumber
0
//创建新用户
> personal.newAccount()
Passphrase:
Repeat passphrase:
INFO [12-15|23:24:45.034] Your new key was generated address=0xAd9E42f712F152a8E9F780e6A23D9AFb2a020607
WARN [12-15|23:24:45.035] Please backup your key file! path=/Users/limingxie/blockchain/eth/test1_data/keystore/UTC--2022-12-15T15-24-43.534890000Z--ad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607
WARN [12-15|23:24:45.035] Please remember your password!
"0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607"
//查看创建用户
> eth.accounts
["0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607"]
//新的终端查看用户文件信息
$ cat /Users/limingxie/blockchain/eth/test1_data/keystore/UTC--2022-12-15T15-24-43.534890000Z--ad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607
{"address":"ad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607","crypto":{"cipher":"aes-128-ctr","ciphertext":"fa0ede4585b510173ab438384740f3386e3df19d934aac5c26ace221d9f47ba8","cipherparams":{"iv":"293bc427b035f0943b4bbb965c907293"},"kdf":"scrypt","kdfparams":{"dklen":32,"n":262144,"p":1,"r":8,"salt":"d88a19c15fd6c1234d2ebf2d1792571d53ac3ae0829b2ecdcfa8a0d9dd805170"},"mac":"27ef6a66329edc85ada55946562907a64d9963cb7dee919b086e7f4c75e1ad6a"},"id":"1c5ce5e3-6e54-4bfc-b6d9-b6414f462b08","version":3}
//查看新创建用户的余额
> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]);
0
//发送以太币
> eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: "0x922F12edF3CA38CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5G3ab", value: 100000})
WARN [12-15|23:51:27.506] Served eth_sendTransaction reqid=134 duration="64.833µs" err="insufficient funds for transfer"
Error: insufficient funds for transfer
//查看获取coinbase账户
> eth.coinbase
"0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607"
//开始挖矿
> miner.start(1)
INFO [12-15|23:53:55.489] Updated mining threads threads=1
INFO [12-15|23:53:55.495] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1,000,000,000
INFO [12-15|23:53:55.495] Etherbase automatically configured address=0xAd9E42f712F152a8E9F780e6A23D9AFb2a020607
//停止挖矿
> miner.stop()
//再次查看以太币
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether');
24
//再次转账
> eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: "0x922F12edF3CA38CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5G3ab", value: 100000})
WARN [12-16|00:17:37.011] Gas estimation capped by limited funds original=138,961,213,547,761 balance=24,000,000,000,000,000,000 sent=100,000 maxFeePerGas=1,000,000,000 fundable=23,999,999,999
WARN [12-16|00:17:37.012] Caller gas above allowance, capping requested=23,999,999,999 cap=50,000,000
WARN [12-16|00:17:37.015] Served eth_sendTransaction reqid=148 duration=10.576325ms err="authentication needed: password or unlock"
Error: authentication needed: password or unlock
//解锁账户
> personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0]);
Unlock account 0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607
Passphrase:
true
//再次发送以太币
> eth.sendTransaction({from: eth.accounts[0], to: "0x922F12edF3FA36CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5F4ab", value: 100000000000000})
WARN [12-16|00:20:14.592] Gas estimation capped by limited funds original=138,961,213,547,761 balance=23,999,999,999,999,900,000 sent=100,000,000,000,000 maxFeePerGas=1,000,000,000 fundable=23,999,899,999
WARN [12-16|00:20:14.592] Caller gas above allowance, capping requested=23,999,899,999 cap=50,000,000
INFO [12-16|00:20:14.593] Submitted transaction hash=0xe0786ce32a79642dbcf0419946c705a514385886c4c2f65e089a3f4c9f8c3d1f from=0xAd9E42f712F152a8E9F780e6A23D9AFb2a020607 nonce=1 recipient=0x922F12edF3FA36CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5F4ab value=100,000,000,000,000
"0xe0786ce32a79642dbcf0419946c705a514385886c4c2f65e089a3f4c9f8c3d1f"
//开始挖矿
> miner.start(1)
INFO [12-16|00:20:27.876] Updated mining threads threads=1
INFO [12-16|00:20:27.876] Transaction pool price threshold updated price=1,000,000,000
//停止挖矿
> miner.stop()
//查看余额减少
> web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether');
43.9998999999999
//因为转了2次 100000 和 100000000000000
> eth.getBalance('0x922F12edF3FA36CF04bD5f0d6a1b716C51f5F4ab')
100000000100000
//查看tx
> eth.getTransaction("0xe0786ce32a79642dbcf0419946c705a514385886c4c2f65e089a3f4c9f8c3d1f")
{
blockHash: "0x7f7340215d6a57d35101499326f40648e83a0bc90156af9e9f8be773573e6cf1",
blockNumber: 13,
chainId: "0x1046a",
from: "0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607",
gas: 21000,
gasPrice: 1000000000,
hash: "0xe0786ce32a79642dbcf0419946c705a514385886c4c2f65e089a3f4c9f8c3d1f",
input: "0x",
nonce: 1,
r: "0x53413e893ae7f53dab195c4a0dc7785e0260430da5ef2b33f227dde2fe6d9e4e",
s: "0x3e61756ce5b5e9192679f73c4e5788929e8f7c7c2411041fa3231bc7327e479d",
to: "0x922f12edf3fa36cf04bd5f0d6a1b716c51f5f4ab",
transactionIndex: 1,
type: "0x0",
v: "0x208f8",
value: 100000000000000
}
//查看block
> eth.getBlock(13)
> eth.getBlock("0x7f7340215d6a57d35101499326f40648e83a0bc90156af9e9f8be773573e6cf1")
{
difficulty: 131072,
extraData: "0xd983010a1a846765746888676f312e31382e318664617277696e",
gasLimit: 138961213547761,
gasUsed: 42000,
hash: "0x7f7340215d6a57d35101499326f40648e83a0bc90156af9e9f8be773573e6cf1",
logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
miner: "0xad9e42f712f152a8e9f780e6a23d9afb2a020607",
mixHash: "0xdeb5d843bc08a9538bbf54e9cb12ee24b5bcd99f0cc644e9b78f7220dd2f5539",
nonce: "0x654ead449a293d84",
number: 13,
parentHash: "0xdc42d2a5401228ec99eed3d067ba2aadbcd2b0f5dccc957c99024b9d29c75247",
receiptsRoot: "0xd95b673818fa493deec414e01e610d97ee287c9421c8eff4102b1647c1a184e4",
sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
size: 760,
stateRoot: "0xb349e2f94cd7cb155543465436c756342d9565093141d81575c31af36bc6c3ba",
timestamp: 1671121227,
totalDifficulty: 1707840,
transactions: ["0xca7ba0e0689e35244a452d263ae29dc163b0450f78fa6be025b8df320f9afdff", "0xe0786ce32a79642dbcf0419946c705a514385886c4c2f65e089a3f4c9f8c3d1f"],
transactionsRoot: "0x1589a9bcdd1fa40c4cf22f9ddebe73fe5230ba3b034dbb9401ceaab069646638",
uncles: []
}
欢迎大家的意见和交流
email: li_mingxie@163.com